1·In Europe, it was found that wild boar hair was too stiff and made the gums bleed, so horsehair, which was softer, was used instead.
在欧洲，人们发现野猪毛太硬，会使牙龈流血，所以就改用了更为柔软的马毛。
2·The bacteria in plaque make poisons that attack the gums.
牙菌斑中的细菌会产生损伤牙龈的毒素。
3·Your gums may also be showing some wear and tear from all that blood and estrogen.
因为血液和雌性激素的影响，你的牙龈也可能会有一定程度的磨损。
4·Signs of diabetes show up all over the body, from bleeding gums to tingling feet to darkened skin patches on the neck and underarms.
糖尿病的前兆在身体的各个部位都有可能出现，包括：牙龈出血、脚痛、颈部及腋下部分皮肤变黑。
5·As we age, we produce less saliva, which washes away bacteria, so teeth and gums are more vulnerable to decay.
随着我们年老，我们分泌更少能冲洗掉细菌的唾液，因此牙齿和牙龈更容易退化。