1·Squalene by itself is not an adjuvant, but emulsions of squalene with surfactants do enhance the immune response.
角鲨烯本身并不是一种佐剂，但添加表面活性剂的角鲨烯乳剂可增强免疫应答。
2·Squalene alone is not an adjuvant, but emulsions of squalene with surfactants enhance the immune response when added to antigens.
角鲨烯本身并不是一种佐剂，但添加表面活性剂后的角鲨烯乳剂加入至抗原后可增强免疫应答。
3·To minimize energy, the surfactants shield their tails from water by adsorbing at the air-water interfaces or, when in solution, aggregating into micelles.
为了降低能量，这些表面活性剂通过吸附在气液分界面上从而把它们的尾巴保护起来不碰到水，如果在溶液里的话，则凝聚成胶束。
4·Adsorbed ionic surfactants and their associated electrostatic repulsions stabilize detergent films.
被吸附的离子表面活性剂以及它们静电学斥力稳定了清洁剂薄膜。
5·Surfactants with ionizable heads are key to creating a repulsive force that counteracts the van der Waals attraction and thus stabilizes a soap film.
具有离子化头的表面活性剂是产生排斥力的关键，这种排斥力可以对抗范德瓦尔斯力，从而使的一个肥皂泡薄膜稳定的存在。