1·Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of the holmium laser with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for kidney calculi.
目的探讨钬激光经皮肾镜碎石术治疗肾结石的有效性和安全性。
2·Objective To explore of percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy using the holmium laser for ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO)associated with upper tract stones.
目的探讨经皮肾微造瘘钬激光腔内切开治疗肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄（UPJO）的方法及疗效。
3·Conclusions: Transureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.
结论经输尿管镜钬激光碎石是一种有效、全的腔内碎石方法。
4·Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for man aging ureteral calculi.
前言：目的探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性。
5·Methods a retrospective analysis of 88 cases with of a variety of gastrointestinal polyps and endoscopic application of holmium laser treatment in the process of care measures was carried out.
方法回顾性分析88例各种消化道息肉患者经内镜下应用钬激光治疗过程中所采取的护理措施。